سایه افلاطون و زوال فهم وحیانی از نفس در الهیات کلیسای اولیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کوتاه علمی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموخته دکتری رشته کلام‌ـ‌کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه شهید مطهری، تهران، ایران

چکیده
این مقاله به بررسی ورود آموزهٔ فلسفی جاودانگی نفس از سنت افلاطونی به الهیات کلیسای اولیه می‌پردازد. با تحلیل واژگانی چون نَفَش در عبری و ψυχή در یونانی نشان داده می‌شود که کتاب مقدس انسان را موجودی واحد و فناپذیر معرفی می‌کند که هستی او وابسته به افاضهٔ حیات از سوی خداوند است، در حالی‌که افلاطون نفس را مستقل و جاودانه می‌دانست. آثار آبای کلیسا نشان می‌دهد که تحت تأثیر فلسفه یونانی، مفاهیم مرگ، رستاخیز و داوری نهایی بازتفسیر شدند و جاودانگی به ‌عنوان ویژگی ذاتی نفس تلقی شد. این روند موجب دگرگونی تصویر عدالت و رحمت الهی در الهیات مسیحی گردید.

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